| First author | Year | Ref. | Study participants | Study Rating | Effect of job strain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-sectional studies MEN |
|||||
| Theorell | 1991 | (109) | 161 Swedish males aged 35-55 with borderline hypertension | POSITIVE | Significantly associated with work, home and sleep DBP** SBP (NS) |
| Harenstam | 1988 | (38) | 66 male Swedish prison guards | MIXED | Skill use associated with work and leisure
SBP** Job demands and decision latitude (NS) Sleep (n/a); DBP (n/a) |
| WOMEN | |||||
| Theorell, | 1993 | (108) | 56 female Swedish nurses and nurses aides | POSITIVE | Signif assoc with work SBP, DBP; SBP upon waking Leisure SBP, DBP; DBP upon waking [sleep] (NS) |
| MEN AND WOMEN | |||||
| Van Egeren | 1992 | (116) | 20 female and 17 male Michigan employees | POSITIVE | SBP: Work= +12 mm Hg***; Home= +7 mm Hg*; Sleep=+7 mm Hg DBP: Work= +4 mm Hg*; Home, Sleep (NS) |
| Effect for both Males and Females | |||||
| Light | 1992 | (75) | Employed North Carolina men (n=65) and women (n=64), aged 18-47 | MIXED | MEN: Work SBP= +6 mm Hg*; Work DBP= +4 mm Hg* WOMEN: Work SBP= -1 mm Hg; Work DBP= -2.2 mm Hg (NS) Home or sleep BP (n/a) |
| Case-control studies -- MEN | |||||
| Schnall, Landsbergis |
1990 1992 1994 |
(100) (101) |
88 cases and 176 controls, males, aged 30-60, from New York City | POSITIVE | SBP: Work=+6.8 mm Hg**; Home=+6.5 mm Hg**; Slp=+6.2 mm Hg** DBP: Work=+2.8 mm Hg*; Home=+2.4 mm Hg* ; Sleep=+1.7 mm Hg Hypertension: OR=2.7*; LVMI=9.7 g/m2 higher* |
| Cohort studies MEN AND WOMEN | |||||
| Theorell, | 1988 | (114) | 51 men, 22 women employed in 6 jobs in Stockholm followed for 1 year | MIXED | Work SBP higher (by 4 mm Hg) during highest
vs. lowest job strain periods in 1 year*; Work DBP (NS) Effect for both Males and Females Leisure SBP, DBP (NS); Sleep (n/a) |
| MEN | |||||
| Theorell, | 1985 | (113) | 71 Stockholm men in 1981-82 followed for 10 yrs since age 18 | MIXED | NS; but significant interaction: hypertensives have higher SBP rise at work if in a high strain job Sleep (n/a) |
| Schnall, Schnall, |
1992 1995 |
(99) | 195 New York City men followed for 3 years | POSITIVE | For those in high strain jobs at both rounds
(n=15) vs. those in non-strain jobs at both rounds (n=138): Work SBP=5.6 mm Hg higher*; Work DBP=4.0 mm Hg higher* Home SBP=5.2 mm Hg higher*; Home DBP=3.4 mm Hg higher* Sleep SBP=4.9 mm Hg higher; Sleep DBP=3.2 mm Hg higher. |